最近在学习vue.js开发，想做个简单的管理系统，研究了很长时间，看了很多慕课网的视频教程，教程地址：https://www.imooc.com/new/course/list?c=vuejs，看完教程开始试着做项目，做到后台首页被几个问题困扰了很久。

1、后台模板，模板功能怎么实现，之前都是嵌套iframe，现在怎么处理呢？研究了两天，发现这里的控制使用子路由实现，vue在路由跳转时，跳转到子路由会保留父路由的页面内容。

2、从网上下载了很多代码，都没跑起来，左侧菜单都是动态的，都得配置接口程序。

3、vue后台模板路由也需要根据接口返回权限动态实现，如果访问地址路由里面没有跳转到404页面。

本文实现的后台模板只是静态页面，动态路由、动态菜单会随着学习逐步完善。

先看看效果图：

实现思路：先创建一个主模板文件，home.vue，然后顶部是一个组件header.vue，底部是一个组件footer.vue，左侧菜单栏是一个组件Sidebar.vue，还有个tags.vue组件用于管理打开页面，中间内容部分是一个<router-view></router-view>用于展示具体跳转的页面，新增完目录如下：

home页面代码：

<template>
    <div class="wrapper">
        <v-head></v-head>
        <v-sidebar></v-sidebar>
        <div class="content-box" :class="{'content-collapse':collapse}">
            <div class="content_wrapper">
                <v-tags></v-tags>
                <div class="content" style="flex:1;">
                    <div class="content_inner">
                        <transition name="move" mode="out-in">
                            <keep-alive :include="tagsList">
                                <router-view></router-view>
                            </keep-alive>
                        </transition>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <v-footer></v-footer>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</template>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
    .content_wrapper {
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        height: 100%;

        .content_inner {
            //    background: #fff;
            height: 100%;
        }
    }
</style>

<script>
    import vHead from './Header.vue';
    import vSidebar from './Sidebar.vue';
    import vTags from './Tags.vue';
    import vFooter from './Footer.vue';
    import bus from './bus';
    export default {
        data() {
            return {
                tagsList: [],
                collapse: false
            }
        },
        components: {
            vHead,
            vSidebar,
            vTags,
            vFooter
        },
        created() {
            bus.$on('collapse', msg => {
                this.collapse = msg;
            })

            // 只有在标签页列表里的页面才使用keep-alive，即关闭标签之后就不保存到内存中了。
            bus.$on('tags', msg => {
                let arr = [];
                for (let i = 0, len = msg.length; i < len; i++) {
                    msg[i].name && arr.push(msg[i].name);
                }
                this.tagsList = arr;
            })
        }
    }
</script>

    import vHead from './Header.vue';
    import vSidebar from './Sidebar.vue';
    import vTags from './Tags.vue';
    import vFooter from './Footer.vue';
    import bus from './bus';

components: {
            vHead,
            vSidebar,
            vTags,
            vFooter
        },

以上代码引用各个子组件。

Header.vue代码如下：

<template>
    <div class="header">
        <!-- 折叠按钮 -->
        <div class="collapse-btn" @click="collapseChage">
            <i class="el-icon-menu"></i>
        </div>
        <div class="logo">孔子人才网后台管理系统</div>
        <div class="header-right">
            <div class="header-user-con">
                <!-- <marquee onMouseOver="this.start()" style="font-size:18px;padding-bottom:4px;width:100px;" scrollamount="1">{{getlev}}</marquee> -->
                <div style="font-size:18px;padding-bottom:4px;width:60px;">admin</div>
                <!-- 全屏显示 -->
                <div class="btn-fullscreen" @click="handleFullScreen">
                    <el-tooltip effect="dark" :content="fullscreen?`取消全屏`:`全屏`" placement="bottom">
                        <i class="el-icon-rank"></i>
                    </el-tooltip>
                </div>
                <!-- 消息中心 -->
                <div class="btn-bell">
                    <el-tooltip effect="dark" :content="message?`有${message}条未读消息`:`消息中心`" placement="bottom">
                        <router-link to="/tabs">
                            <i class="el-icon-bell"></i>
                        </router-link>
                    </el-tooltip>
                    <span class="btn-bell-badge" v-if="message"></span>
                </div>
                <!-- 用户头像 -->
                <div class="user-avator"><img src="../../assets/Images/img.jpg"></div>
                <!-- 用户名下拉菜单 -->
                <el-dropdown class="user-name" trigger="click" @command="handleCommand">
                    <span class="el-dropdown-link">
                        用户名<i class="el-icon-caret-bottom"></i>
                    </span>
                    
                    <el-dropdown-menu slot="dropdown">
                        
                        <a  href="https://github.com/merciqiao" target="_blank">
                            <el-dropdown-item>关于作者</el-dropdown-item>
                        </a>
                        <a href="https://github.com/merciqiao/merciqiao-vue" target="_blank">
                            <el-dropdown-item>项目仓库</el-dropdown-item>
                        </a>
                        <a href="/zanzhu" target="_blank">
                            <el-dropdown-item style="color:orange;">赞助作者</el-dropdown-item>
                        </a>
                        <el-dropdown-item divided  command="changeZh">切换中文</el-dropdown-item>
                        <el-dropdown-item command="changeEn">切换英文</el-dropdown-item>
                        <el-dropdown-item divided  command="loginout">退出登录</el-dropdown-item>
                    </el-dropdown-menu>
                </el-dropdown>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</template>
<script>
    import bus from './bus';
    export default {
        data() {
            return {
                collapse: false,
                fullscreen: false,
                name: 'merciqiao',
                lev:'青铜级',
                message: 2
            }
        },
        computed:{
            username(){
                let username = this.$common.getSessionStorage('username');
                return username ? username : this.name;
            },
            getlev(){
        
                let levList = this.$common.getSessionStorage('lev',true);
                let lev='';
                if(levList){
                    for(var i=0;i<levList.length;i++){
                        lev+=levList[i].roleName;
                    }
                }
               
                return lev ? lev : this.lev;
            }
        },
        methods:{
            // 用户名下拉菜单选择事件
            handleCommand(command) {
                if(command == 'loginout'){
                    this.$common.removeSessionStorage('token');
                    this.$router.push('/login');
                }
                else if(command == 'changeZh'){
                    this.$i18n.locale = 'zh_CN';
                }
                else if(command == 'changeEn'){
                    this.$i18n.locale = 'en_US';
                }
            },
            // 侧边栏折叠
            collapseChage(){
                this.collapse = !this.collapse;
                bus.$emit('collapse', this.collapse);
            },
            // 全屏事件
            handleFullScreen(){
                let element = document.documentElement;
                if (this.fullscreen) {
                    if (document.exitFullscreen) {
                        document.exitFullscreen();
                    } else if (document.webkitCancelFullScreen) {
                        document.webkitCancelFullScreen();
                    } else if (document.mozCancelFullScreen) {
                        document.mozCancelFullScreen();
                    } else if (document.msExitFullscreen) {
                        document.msExitFullscreen();
                    }
                } else {
                    if (element.requestFullscreen) {
                        element.requestFullscreen();
                    } else if (element.webkitRequestFullScreen) {
                        element.webkitRequestFullScreen();
                    } else if (element.mozRequestFullScreen) {
                        element.mozRequestFullScreen();
                    } else if (element.msRequestFullscreen) {
                        // IE11
                        element.msRequestFullscreen();
                    }
                }
                this.fullscreen = !this.fullscreen;
            }
        },
        mounted(){
            if(document.body.clientWidth < 1366){
                this.collapseChage();
            }
        }
    }
</script>
<style scoped>
    .header {
        position: relative;
        box-sizing: border-box;
        width: 100%;
        height: 70px;
        font-size: 22px;
        color: #fff;
        background-color: #07c4a8;
    }
    .collapse-btn{
        float: left;
        padding: 0 21px;
        cursor: pointer;
        line-height: 70px;
    }
    .header .logo{
        float: left;
        width:250px;
        line-height: 70px;
    }
    .header-right{
        float: right;
        padding-right: 50px;
    }
    .header-user-con{
        display: flex;
        height: 70px;
        align-items: center;
    }
    .btn-fullscreen{
        transform: rotate(45deg);
        margin-right: 5px;
        font-size: 24px;
    }
    .btn-bell, .btn-fullscreen{
        position: relative;
        width: 30px;
        height: 30px;
        text-align: center;
        border-radius: 15px;
        cursor: pointer;
    }
    .btn-bell-badge{
        position: absolute;
        right: 0;
        top: -2px;
        width: 8px;
        height: 8px;
        border-radius: 4px;
        background: #f56c6c;
        color: #fff;
    }
    .btn-bell .el-icon-bell{
        color: #fff;
    }
    .user-name{
        margin-left: 10px;
    }
    .user-avator{
        margin-left: 20px;
    }
    .user-avator img{
        display: block;
        width:40px;
        height:40px;
        border-radius: 50%;
    }
    .el-dropdown-link{
        color: #fff;
        cursor: pointer;
    }
    .el-dropdown-menu__item{
        text-align: center;
    }
</style>

footer.vue组件代码如下：

<template>
  <footer>
      <div class="footer_content">
          <!-- 京ICP备18050367号-1 qq群:73110051(无广告) 
          {{$t("footer.title")}}-->
      </div>
      
  </footer>
</template>
<style lang="scss">
    footer{
        border-top:1px solid #ddd;
        flex: 0 0 auto;
        .footer_content{
            width: 340px;
            margin: 0 auto;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 60px;
            height: 60px;
            color:#606266;
            .qq{
                font-size: 9px;
            }
        }
    }
</style>

Siderbar.vue组件代码如下：

<template>
    <div class="sidebar">
        <el-menu class="sidebar-el-menu" :default-active="onRoutes" :collapse="collapse" background-color="#324157"
            text-color="#bfcbd9" active-text-color="#20a0ff" unique-opened router>
            <el-submenu index="1">
                <template slot="title">
                    <i class="el-icon-location"></i>
                    <span>导航一</span>
                </template>
                <el-menu-item-group>
                    <template slot="title">分组一</template>
                    <el-menu-item index="1-1">选项1</el-menu-item>
                    <el-menu-item index="1-2">选项2</el-menu-item>
                </el-menu-item-group>
                <el-menu-item-group title="分组2">
                    <el-menu-item index="1-3">选项3</el-menu-item>
                </el-menu-item-group>
                <el-submenu index="1-4">
                    <template slot="title">选项4</template>
                    <el-menu-item index="1-4-1">选项1</el-menu-item>
                </el-submenu>
            </el-submenu>
            <el-menu-item index="2">
                <i class="el-icon-menu"></i>
                <span slot="title">导航二</span>
            </el-menu-item>
            <el-menu-item index="3" disabled>
                <i class="el-icon-document"></i>
                <span slot="title">导航三</span>
            </el-menu-item>
            <el-menu-item index="4">
                <i class="el-icon-setting"></i>
                <span slot="title">导航四</span>
            </el-menu-item>
        </el-menu>
        <!--<el-menu class="sidebar-el-menu" :default-active="onRoutes" :collapse="collapse" background-color="#324157"
            text-color="#bfcbd9" active-text-color="#20a0ff" unique-opened router>
            <template v-for="(item,i) in menuList">
                <template v-if="item.subs&&item.subs.length">
                    <el-submenu :index="item.index" :key="i">
                        <template slot="title">
                            <i :class="item.icon"></i><span slot="title">{{ item.title }}</span>
                        </template>
                        <el-menu-item v-for="(subItem,i) in item.subs" :key="i" :index="subItem.index">
                            {{ subItem.title }}
                        </el-menu-item>
                    </el-submenu>
                </template>
            </template>
        </el-menu>-->
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    import bus from './bus';
    import {
        mapGetters
    } from 'vuex'
    export default {
        data() {
            return {
                collapse: false,
                items: [{
                        icon: 'el-icon-setting',
                        index: 'index',
                        title: '系统首页',
                    },
                    {
                        icon: 'el-icon-tickets',
                        index: 'table',
                        title: '基础模块',
                        subs: [{
                                index: 'searchinput',
                                title: '查询输入页'
                            },
                            {
                                index: 'tabpage',
                                title: '标签选项卡'
                            },
                            {
                                index: 'tablepage',
                                title: '综合表格页'
                            },
                            {
                                index: 'formpage',
                                title: '表单页'
                            },
                            {
                                index: 'treepage',
                                title: '树组件页'
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        icon: 'el-icon-setting',
                        index: '3',
                        title: '系统管理',
                        subs: [{
                                index: 'organizationTree',
                                title: '机构管理'
                            },
                            {
                                index: 'sysUser',
                                title: '用户管理'
                            },
                            {
                                index: 'sysRole',
                                title: '角色管理'
                            },
                            {
                                index: 'sysAcl',
                                title: '角色资源授权'
                            },
                            {
                                index: 'sysResource',
                                title: '资源管理'
                            },
                            {
                                index: 'sysMenu',
                                title: '菜单管理'
                            }


                        ]
                    },
                    // {
                    //     icon: 'el-icon-message',
                    //     index: 'tabs',
                    //     title: 'tab选项卡'
                    // },
                    // {
                    //     icon: 'el-icon-date',
                    //     index: '3',
                    //     title: '表单相关',
                    //     subs: [
                    //         {
                    //             index: 'form',
                    //             title: '基本表单'
                    //         },
                    //         {
                    //             index: 'editor',
                    //             title: '富文本编辑器'
                    //         },
                    //         {
                    //             index: 'markdown',
                    //             title: 'markdown编辑器'
                    //         },
                    //         {
                    //             index: 'upload',
                    //             title: '文件上传'
                    //         }
                    //     ]
                    // },
                    // {
                    //     icon: 'el-icon-star-on',
                    //     index: 'charts',
                    //     title: 'schart图表'
                    // },
                    // {
                    //     icon: 'el-icon-rank',
                    //     index: 'drag',
                    //     title: '拖拽列表'
                    // },
                    // {
                    //     icon: 'el-icon-warning',
                    //     index: 'permission',
                    //     title: '权限测试'
                    // },
                    {
                        icon: 'el-icon-error',
                        index: '404',
                        title: '404页面'
                    }
                ]
            }
        },
        computed: mapGetters({
            menuList: 'getMenuList',
            onRoutes() {
                return this.$route.path.replace('/', '');
            }
        }),
        created() {
            // 通过 Event Bus 进行组件间通信，来折叠侧边栏
            bus.$on('collapse', msg => {
                this.collapse = msg;
            })
        }
    }
</script>

<style scoped>
    .sidebar {
        display: block;
        position: absolute;
        left: 0;
        top: 70px;
        bottom: 0;
        overflow-y: scroll;
    }

    .sidebar::-webkit-scrollbar {
        width: 0;
    }

    .sidebar-el-menu:not(.el-menu--collapse) {
        width: 250px;
    }

    .sidebar>ul {
        height: 100%;
    }
</style>

Tags.vue组件代码如下：

<template>
    <div class="tags" v-if="showTags">
        <ul>
            <li class="tags-li" v-for="(item,index) in tagsList" :class="{'active': isActive(item.path)}" :key="index">
                <router-link :to="item.path" class="tags-li-title">
                    {{item.title}}
                </router-link>
                
                <span v-show="item.title!='系统首页'" class="tags-li-icon" @click="closeTags(index)"><i class="el-icon-close"></i></span>
            </li>
        </ul>
        <div class="tags-close-box">
            <el-dropdown @command="handleTags">
                <el-button size="small" type="primary">
                    标签选项<i class="el-icon-arrow-down el-icon--right"></i>
                </el-button>
                <el-dropdown-menu size="medium" slot="dropdown">
                    <el-dropdown-item command="other">关闭其他</el-dropdown-item>
                    <el-dropdown-item command="all">关闭所有</el-dropdown-item>
                </el-dropdown-menu>
            </el-dropdown>
        </div>
        
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    import bus from './bus';
    export default {
        data() {
            return {
                tagsList: []
            }
        },
        methods: {
            isActive(path) {
                return path === this.$route.fullPath;
            },
            // 关闭单个标签
            closeTags(index) {
                const delItem = this.tagsList.splice(index, 1)[0];
                const item = this.tagsList[index] ? this.tagsList[index] : this.tagsList[index - 1];
                if (item) {
                    delItem.path === this.$route.fullPath && this.$router.push(item.path);
                }else{
                    this.$router.push('/');
                }
            },
            // 关闭全部标签
            closeAll(){
                this.tagsList = [{
                    name: "index",
                    path: "/index",
                    title: "系统首页"
                }];
                this.$router.push('/');
            },
            // 关闭其他标签
            closeOther(){
                const curItem = this.tagsList.filter(item => {
                    return item.path === this.$route.fullPath;
                })
                this.tagsList = curItem;
            },
            // 设置标签
            setTags(route){
                const isExist = this.tagsList.some(item => {
                    return item.path === route.fullPath;
                })
                !isExist && this.tagsList.push({
                    title: route.meta.title,
                    path: route.fullPath,
                    // name: route.matched[1].components.default.name
                    name: route.name
                })
                bus.$emit('tags', this.tagsList);
            },
            handleTags(command){
                command === 'other' ? this.closeOther() : this.closeAll();
            }
        },
        computed: {
            showTags() {
                return this.tagsList.length > 0;
            }
        },
        watch:{
            $route(newValue, oldValue){
                this.setTags(newValue);
            }
        },
        created(){
            this.setTags(this.$route);
        }
    }

</script>


<style lang="scss">
    $tag_height:34px;//tab高度变量
    .tags {
        position: relative;
        height: $tag_height;
        overflow: hidden;
        background: #fff;
        padding-right: 120px;
        flex: 0 0 auto;
    }

    .tags ul {
        box-sizing: border-box;
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
    }

    .tags-li {
        float: left;
        margin: 3px 5px 2px 3px;
        border-radius: 3px;
        font-size: 12px;
        overflow: hidden;
        cursor: pointer;
        height: $tag_height - 8px;
        line-height: $tag_height - 8px;
        border: 1px solid #e9eaec;
        background: #fff;
        padding: 0 5px 0 12px;
        vertical-align: middle;
        color: #666;
        -webkit-transition: all .3s ease-in;
        -moz-transition: all .3s ease-in;
        transition: all .3s ease-in;
    }

    .tags-li:not(.active):hover {
        background: #f8f8f8;
    }

    .tags-li.active {
        color: #fff;
    }

    .tags-li-title {
        float: left;
        max-width: 80px;
        overflow: hidden;
        white-space: nowrap;
        text-overflow: ellipsis;
        margin-right: 5px;
        color: #666;
    }

    .tags-li.active .tags-li-title {
        color: #fff;
    }

    .tags-close-box {
        position: absolute;
        right: 0;
        top: 0;
        box-sizing: border-box;
        padding-top: 1px;
        text-align: center;
        width: 110px;
        height: $tag_height;
        background: #fff;
        box-shadow: -3px 0 15px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, .1);
        z-index: 10;
    }

</style>

最后修改路由配置文件，代码如下：

const routes = [{
        path: '/',
        name: 'Login',
        component: Login
    },
    {
        name: 'Home',
        path: '/Home',
        component: Home,
        meta: {
            title: '系统首页'
        }
    }
]

项目创建是用的vue cli3脚手架创建的。

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